Industrial automation and don measuring system
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| Industrial automation and don measuring system |
high precision,
High Quality,
productivity of production processes.
What is Industrial Automation to control production processes and machines, eliminating as many labor interventions as possible and replacing hazardous assembly operations with automated ones? Industrial automation is closely related to engineering management. In industrial automation control, a large number of technological variables can be defined simultaneously:
temperature,
consumption,
pressure,
distance,
level.
Definition of industrial automation
calculation of parameters for control systems,
plant start-up or shutdown,
system performance monitoring,
equipment planning, etc.
Control systems, combined with controls adapted to industrial operating conditions, provide a flexible, efficient, and reliable production system.
Examples of a production management system
An automated system requires special specialized hardware and software products for the implementation of control and monitoring systems. In recent years, several such products have been developed from various vendors who provide their specialized software and hardware products. Some of these vendors are Siemens, ABB, AB, National Instruments, Omron, Owen, and so on.
Types of industrial automation
Industrial automation is the use of computer and machine automated systems to manage various manufacturing operations in a well-controlled manner. Depending on the operations performed, industrial automation systems are mainly divided into two types:
automation of technological processes,
production automation.
Process Plant Automation
In the manufacturing industry, a product is formed as a result of many chemical processes based on certain types of raw materials. industries such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, cement, paper, etc.
produce high quality,
increase productivity,
provide high control of physical processes.
The hierarchy of process automation systems consists of various layers representing common components in a process plant. Level Zero or Plant: This level consists of the machines that are closest to the processes. In this case, sensors and actuators are used to convert signals from machines and physical variables to analyze and obtain control signals. Direct control of the technological process: at this level, automatic controllers and monitoring systems receive information about the technological process from sensors and accordingly activate the executive systems.
Some of the tasks of automation at this level are:
Retrieving data
Plant monitoring
Open and closed-loop control
Report
Plant Supervisor: This level controls the automatic controllers by setting targets or setpoints. He monitors control equipment for optimal process control.
Some of the tasks of automation at this level are:
Plant performance monitoring
Optimal process control
Factory coordination
Fault detection, etc.
Production planning and control - this level solves the problems:
decision making,
resource allocation,
production goal,
maintenance management, etc.
Automation tasks at this level include:
Production dispatching
Inventory Management
Production supervision, production reporting, etc.
Plant management: This is a higher level of automation of the plant's technological process. She is more commercial than technical.
Automation tasks at this level include:
Market and customer analysis
Orders and sales statistics
Production planning
Balance of capacity and order
Production Automation System
Industrial automation systems are widely used in the following industries:
processing industries,
production of products from materials,
textile industry,
clothing industry,
glass industry,
food industry,
paper production,
production of building materials,
other productions.
New trends in manufacturing systems use automation systems at every stage:
material handling,
mechanical restoration,
assembly,
inspection and packing.
With the help of automated control and industrial robotic systems, production automation becomes very flexible and efficient. Below is a description of each level in the hierarchy of industrial automation systems: Machine level of industrial automation: at this level, various sensitive and actuating devices control the production process. This is the instrumental level of machine control. The tasks at this level include data collection, signal verification, and vehicle control. Cellular or group level of production automation: it is another level of automation that coordinates the work of a group of machines in production cells. Various automated controllers such as PLCs are used to control the machi- in this way. Shop level: This is an automated control level where the work of several production cells is monitored and coordinated. Plant level: This level of automation performs the functions of production control, control, and planning. The HMIs used at this level facilitate remote control of all production process variables.
Industrial automation benefits
Some of these challenges include harsh industrial environments (in a world that is increasingly focusing on safety - and rightly so), increasingly complex supply chains, meeting the latest energy. The benefits of industrial automation include:
Increase in labor productivity
Improving product quality
Reduced labor or production costs
Reducing the routine of manual work
Increase safety
Helped take-off monitoring
Increase in labor productivity
Automation increases the speed of production by producing more output for given labor input. Hence, productivity and labor productivity increase per hour of labor intensity. Reduced labor or production costs Automated systems are helping industrial enterprises achieve significant long-term savings by replacing automated equipment with human labor, which helps reduce unit costs. Automation equipment running smoothly or evenly 24 × 7 not only increases productivity, but therefore leads to an excellent return on investment through savings in wages, labor costs, pensions, and employee costs. The automated system also reduces labor shortages by replacing automated operations instead of labor.
Reduced manual work
With the introduction of an automated system, work becomes safer due to the transfer of an employee from the place of active participation in the process to a leadership role.
The industrial automation system prevents:
accidents,
injuries to workers,
emergency situations.
Remote Monitoring
Most industrial operations must be remotely controlled for convenient and remote control of the monitoring and control of process variables.
In such cases, automated systems provide:
communication between the technological area and the supervisory (control and monitoring) area,
the ability to control production processes,
the ability to remotely control and monitor.
The best example of such remote control is the automated control of the electrical grid.
Industrial Automation Equipment
Industrial automation is an integrated, flexible, and inexpensive system platform consisting of various equipment and elements that perform a wide range of functions:
sounding,
control,
supervision and monitoring related to production processes.
Sensitive and executive elements of the production automation system. Sensors or sensing elements convert physical process variables such as:
flow,
pressure,
temperature, etc.
Various sensors include:
thermocouples,
resistor temperature sensors (RTDs),
strain gauges, etc.
The signals from these sensors are used for processing, analysis, and decision-making to obtain a control signal. Various control methods are implemented to obtain the desired result by comparing the currently measured process variable with the target values. Finally, the controllers produce calculated outputs and are applied as electrical or pneumatic signal inputs to the actuators. Actuators convert electrical or pneumatic signals into physical process variables. A special category of devices is smart devices, which are integrated systems of sensing or final elements with the ability to communicate with field buses.
These smart devices:
consist of an internal signal conditioning circuit,
facilitate direct connection to a communication channel in an industrial bus system.
Control System Elements
These are microprocessor electronic controllers or simply industrial computers that receive signals from various sensors, as well as command signals from control systems or from human operators. These controllers can be continuous control systems or sequential / logic control systems depending on the structure of the nature of the control.
The controller performs the following operations:
processes sensor values,
monitors the values,
produces control output to various actuators.
A modern type of control device used in automation systems is a programmable logic controller (PLC). PLCs are supplied with special software so that they can be programmed to carry out the corresponding control operations.
PLCs have:
powerful processor,
digital input-output,
analog input-output,
communication modules
Human Machine Interface or Operator Interface is a graphical user interface that displays information about a process such as the status of a process variable, writing results to a database, generating alarms, etc. SCADA is one of the graphical user interfaces that remotely control industrial operations.
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